Glasses are probably the most common piece of adaptive equipment you will see bushwalkers using on a bushwalk. Broadly speaking, people that uses glasses are either long-sighted (meaning that they can see well in the distance but not up close) or short-sighted (meaning that they can see up close well, but not the distance). So bushwalkers that are short-sighted will struggle to see views but are fine reading a map, whereas it’s the opposite for long-sighted people.

Loss of vision can vary from being minor, where the user can easily cope without their glasses, through to near-complete vision loss without glasses. Interestingly, people that wear glasses are to varying degrees dependent on their glasses to function, in similar fashion to a person that uses a wheelchair as a piece of equipment to solve a mobility issues.

The interesting thing here is that we are so accustomed to glasses that we do not tend to consider people that wear glasses as having a disability, however, it’s worth noting that if a person that wears glasses does not have them, it can become a problem. Hence, here are some pointers to ensure that glasses are well-looked after on a bushwalk and that they continue to serve the user well.

• Secure your glasses well: If you only use your glasses intermittently for reading, or your glasses are a bit loose, make sure to tie a cord around your glasses so you don’t accidently misplace them.
  Pack them away safely at night: put glasses away safely overnight in a glasses case so they don’t get squashed, or in a side pocket of the tent.
• Keep as much rain off as possible: glasses become tricky to see out of in the rain. Avoid rain landing on the lenses by wearing a broad-brimmed hat or hood.
• Consider other options: For some bushwalkers, contact lenses may be an alternative option on a bushwalk. It’s also possible to get prescription sunglasses, so this could also be worth exploring to see if these work for you too.
• Carry a spare pair of glasses: if your vision is truly compromised without your glasses to the point where you would feel unsafe walking without them, consider carrying a spare pair of glasses as a backup in case of damage or loss of your primary pair of glasses.

Unfortunately, glasses are fragile, so there’s a chance that they will break on a bushwalk. If you can carry an old pair or a pair that you’re not too worried about getting scratched, then that’s a great option. If you do break a pair of glasses in the field, it’ll be challenging to do a sophisticated repair job, but you should be able to do a reasonable job with what’s in your first aid kit. Carefully collect all broken parts and use tape to bind them together (back home, take it to your optometrist for future repair options).

If you do lose your glasses on a bushwalk, the main thing there is not to panic. Stop and think. Recall where you last saw them, and if possible retrace your steps through where you’ve been since you last saw them. If you have no luck finding your glasses, then make use of your group for assistance out. Buddy up with another person that can point out obstacles such as logs and edges. You may even find that physically linking arms with another bushwalker if the way that you feel most safe tackling the track.

Hearing aids are also a relatively common piece of equipment among bushwalkers. Great to hear other people and be part of the social experience of bushwalking as well as hearing all of the wonderful sounds in nature like bird calls, frog calls and so on.

Things to be careful about:

• Keep them clean.
• Adjust settings to suit surroundings and background noise interference – i.e. wind noise (see https://deserthearingcare.com/blog/hiking-and-hearing-aids).
• Store them away safely at night and when you aren’t using them.
• Carry spare batteries.
• Keep them dry: water damage can be detrimental to hearing aids, so always carry something with you that you can dry hearing aids overnight (moisture build up from sweat and dampness during the day https://deserthearingcare.com/blog/hiking-and-hearing-aids. If you are caught in rain it is best to remove hearing aids and place them in a waterproof container. If you cannot do this, keep them as dry as possible using a broad brimmed hat and rain jacket with hood. It is possible to purchase water resistant hearing aids, so if you are frequently in wet conditions, this may be an option. Or alternatively using a protective wrapping.

HearingDirect recommends the following actions if your hearing aid gets wet:

• Use a dehumidifier for hearing aids during the night when you do not wear them. There are plenty of types available and you can ask your audiologist to recommend you some if you are unsure which one to choose. Popular devices are Amplicomms Dry Boxes and the Dry & Store to remove moisture.
• Open the battery door, take out the battery and leave it to dry naturally. You can use a soft tissue to absorb visible moisture.
• Turn to your audiologist for advice or take the hearing aid to a specialist as soon as you can to prevent further or irreversible damage.

Under no conditions use a hair dryer or put your hearing aid in a microwave or an oven.

Other resources:
https://brentwoodhearingcenter.com/blog/tips-for-hiking-with-hearing-aids
https://www.whiteblaze.net/forum/archive/index.php/t-116904.html
https://hikeitbaby.com/blog/hiking-with-hearing-loss/

Bushwalking using a wheelchair is a lot of fun and helps you ‘get away from it all’. It means thinking through things a little differently in terms of carrying all camping gear as well as food, water and backup supplies in case of unexpected changes. This requires a bit of thinking around gear suitability, including how heavy and bulky the gear is as well as whether it suits the conditions.

Here we run through various types of adaptive equipment, selecting, using it, and looking after it.

We also have a separate post on safely providing people that use wheelchairs with assistance.

Manual wheelchairs users may consider the following alternatives or adaptations:

• Front wheel attachments e.g. Freewheel or Frontwheel
• Power assist devices e.g. Batec
• Handcycles e.g. Batex Quad manual
• All-terrain wheelchairs e.g. Hippocampe, Mountain Trike

Below we summarise the adaptive equipment we used and the pros and cons and things we learnt.

1. Freewheel^TM
   
   A front wheel attachment that lifts the front casters of a manual chair off the ground. Lightweight and portable, an excellent option for travellers. Price approximately $800.
   Pros:
   • Lightweight and effective way to convert standard day chair into all-terrain setup.
   • Relatively cheap.

   Cons:

   • Can be quite fiddly to set up.
   • Set-up must be set to a specific chair (can’t easily swap and share).
   • Can be hard to get used to using for some, ideally practice and training is needed before using over long distances.




2. Batec^TM
   
   
   An electric power assistive front wheel for his manual day chair. The device clips onto the front footplate to raise the casters and be used on moderately rough terrain. The device is controlled similarly to a motorbike for steering and throttle and allows speeds up to 20km/h. Battery life depends on how fast it’s going and the surface.
   Pros:
   • Can carry a lot of extra gear.
   • Easily manages fire trails.
   • Limited strain on body due to power assist.

   Cons:

   • Battery life limits the distance you can go – need to be prepared with spare batteries if going a long distance.




3. All-terrain Tyres
   Large and wider wheels and tyres which can be attached to a manual wheelchair. These come come in various sized and can be adapted to fit almost all manual wheelchairs. Allow for smoother and easier access over rocky and uneven surfaces, less prone to punctures, and grippier over wet, slippery surfaces. Approx $700 a set.
   Pros:
   • Easy access over uneven terrain.
   • Can attach to almost all manual wheelchairs.
   • Cost effective way of adapting a regular wheelchair into all terrain chair.

   Cons:

   • Another piece of equipment to purchase in addition to having regular wheels.




4. Handcycle
   Recumbent or kneeling equipment powered by arms, or attachment to manual chair.
   Pros:
   • Less strain on body by using a pulling action rather than a pushing action to propel the chair (with option of power assist also in the case of a hybrid model).
   • Ability to load up gear on the front of chair.

   Cons:

   • Expensive equipment e.g. Batec hybrid ~$10,000 (but may be affordable for people with NDIS support or Lifetime Care Insurance).




5. Mountain Trike
   All terrain outdoor wheelchair, which uses a pushing action to propel the chair. It can be used on the beach, off-road trails, snow and mud.

   Movement powered by two levers for wheelchair user’s arms. It uses handbrakes like a bicycle. It turns by twisting wrist left or right on dominant hand.
   Pros:

   • Provides more power than push rims.
   • Can be operated with one arm (or with one strong arm and one week arm).
   • Lightweight.

   Cons:

   • Expensive equipment. ~$8,000

Manual and Electric wheelchair users may consider 4WD options, or sherper-assist solutions such as the Trailrider.

1. Extreme X8 – 4×4 Electric Wheelchair
   All-Terrain powered wheelchair can navigate many steep and rough routes. It can be used on the beach, snow and also can be used on off-road trails and bushwalking trails.
   Pros:
   • Can go up or down one or two steps with assistance.
   • Able to maneuver easily (especially good for people who don’t have much upper body strength).
   • Wheelchair user has control of chair.

   Cons:

   • Battery life limits the distance you can go.
   • Can’t be driven into water (rivers, creeks, sea) because of electric motor.
   • Expensive equipment (>$10,000, but may be affordable for people with NDIS support or Lifetime Care Insurance).




2. Trailrider
   
   Single wheeled all-terrain chair which allows access to tracks that are not wheelchair accessible, including tracks with stairs. The chair is has handles at the front and the back which allows “sherpas” to guide the rider up and down a range of tracks.
   Pros:
   • Can go up and down stairs.
   • Single wheel means the Trailrider doesn’t get jammed on obstacles.
   • Lightweight (23kg) aluminium chair with strong welded joints -Frame folds in half for easy transport.
   • Cargo compartment holds equipment and hiking gear.
   • Seat with a high back, foot and arm rests for comfortable sitting.
   • Can hire Trailrider for free from some National Parks in NSW.

   Cons:

   • Wheelchair user isn’t in control of Trailrider.
   • The TrailRider required a minimum of two “sherpas”, with up to four needed when going up steep inclines.
   • Some people wouldn’t have enough friends suitable to be “sherpas”.
   • Expensive equipment (~$7000).

• Main message here is – Talk to your Occupational Therapist, Physio or treating clinician (if you have one).
• If battery powered – Check the battery life of any assistive devices will last the distance, plus additional movement (e.g. firewood collection etc).

Test out equipment before tackling an overnight bushwalking track. Pushing over rough terrain for any length of time is quite unusual in an urban context, so test out your endurance on some similar tracks near home first. The more comfortable you are with your gear and the better your fitness, the more you will enjoy the bushwalk.

Two good options for day bushwalks near Sydney that cover (somewhat) similar terrain to the Old Gibber Road in Myall Lakes include:

• Narrabeen Lagoon – an 8.5km circuit around Narrabeen lagoon. Practice the south section a few times, as this is unsealed and more typical of the pushing effort expected in Myall Lakes National Park. Roughly two-thirds of this track is on sealed pathways, so this gives you a good sense of what a long distance feels like to push, but be aware that the Myall Lakes tracks are all unsealed.
• Lady Carrington Drive – a 10km through trip all along an unsealed road. We suggest tackling this starting from the south side and ending at the north side near the cafe and visitor centre (this means the first hill is a big downhill – not a big uphill). This track condition is typical of what you might expect at Myall Lakes, but far more undulating. You could consider doing a shorter section of this track as an out-and-back for say 2km starting at the visitor centre to get a sense for what a ‘firetrail’ terrain feels like.

It may be wise to talk to your health professionals about appropriate gear and training/tests that best prepare you for this trip.

Some things to practice include:

• Pushing on gravel paths/roads and getting comfortable with all-terrain adaptive equipment additions (e.g. FreewheelTM).
• Loading up your chair with gear and pushing it while loaded.
• Setting up tent, sleeping mat and bag and getting into it (e.g. floor to chair transfers). For people prone to skin and pressure injury, it’s very important to test if sleeping mats are appropriate for comfort and support, and do not create or aggravate any skin or pressure injuries.

Lastly, think through appropriate assistance that you as a wheelchair user might request and practice what this assistance looks like, making sure to minimise injury for the person providing assistance. For instance, using the handles of a wheelchair to push someone for an extended period of time may become uncomfortable with a heavy pack, so consider alternatives such as using ropes or raising the pushing handles of the wheelchair.

Optimise chair set up
With carrying additional gear on a bushwalking trip, a wheelchair can easily become unbalanced, making the journey extremely challenging, unpleasant and potentially dangerous. Hence, it’s worth spending a bit of time thinking through your chair setup and attachments and testing out what works well for you at home.

• Try to distribute gear weight around chair so not all the weight is at the back.
• Can you load some gear on the front? E.g. Freewheel rack^TM.
• Cargo nets can support surprisingly heavy weights, and are great for storing heavy items such as water bottles.

It may make sense to adjust the ‘tippy-ness’ of your chair for this trip. If your chair axel is set further forward, the chair will be more tippy and prone to flipping even with a small amount of additional backpack weight. Setting the axle back can alleviate this to some degree (but there will still be a limit to the total weight you can load onto the chair).

For overnight trips – floor to chair
Floor-to-chair and chair-to-floor transfers are one of those relatively unusual movements that you have to do regularly when camping to get in and out of the tent. Find a technique that works well for you that is reliable and minimises the risk of injury.

Some options to ease floor to chair transfers include:

• Use a push-up handle to increase height of push and reduce pressure on wrist.
• If using a Freewheel^TM this can be used to assist with a transfer. Video link.
• Ask someone to ‘lend a knee’ to add additional height for you to push off from.

Consider working with your health professional to find a technique that works well for you and anyone that is providing assistance.

Make sure you’ve got all the parts and repair kit.

It’s a good idea to carry spare parts and be comfortable dealing with likely mechanical failures.

Unfortunately, wheelchairs (and adaptive equipment like the Freewheel^TM) can have quite specific parts, so it’s not always easy to share repair kits and tools. It’s worth putting together a small repair kit that meets exactly the needs of your chair should anything break in the bush.

Repair kit component could include:

• Puncture repair kit (tire levers, patches, glue).
• Spare inner tubes (correct size to for wheelchair and Freewheel^TM).
• Spanners, allen keys etc. specific to your chair (Note: you may be able to use tools on your penknife for some repairs to save carrying two items).
• Screws, bearing etc.

If unsure, chat to the service provider that maintains and services your equipment and find out how best to prepare and prevent typical mechanical issues.

1. On trail
   Toileting
   Many longer bushwalking tracks will not have toilets along the track. However, there will very likely be many places along the track behind a tree where wheelchair users can discreetly do their business (including catheterisation if this works best for you).

   Some wheelchair users find that using a temporary indwelling catheter can be a great way of reducing the stress around toileting on bushwalking trips (make sure to carry spare backup intermittent catheters though, and syringe to remove indwelling catheter in case of blockage).

   If nervous about toileting, start with a shorter walk and work your way up to doing longer trips as your confidence to manage these concerns increases.

   Stay hydrated and adapt to weather conditions
   Carry plenty of water to stay well hydrated on the track.

   Wheelchair users may be more susceptible to hot and cool weather. If hot weather conditions are forecast, wear light loose clothing that protects from the sun, and consider pouring water over legs and core during the trip to prevent overheating. If cool weather conditions are forecast, wear several layers, a warm hat and gloves. In rainy conditions, as well as using a rain jacket, consider rain pants as a way of keeping legs warm.

   Assistance
   Getting a little assistance on a bushwalking track can go a long way to making the trip far less exhausting, more social and enjoyable and give you time and energy to actually enjoy your surroundings. For more details on assistance techniques see post on providing assistance.

2. In camp
   Setting up tent
   A few things that wheelchair users may find helpful when pitching their tent at camp include:
   • Pitch tent on firm ground, or at least ensure that the entrance is on firm ground. This is the area that you will typically wheel over most often.
   • Store gear and other equipment near the front of the tent for ease of access.
   • If wheelchair is stored outside the tent overnight, remove cushion and take into tent to keep dry (it may rain, or condensation will form overnight).

   Cooking & campfires
   Campfires are great fun. A few things that wheelchair users may keep in mind include:

   • If possible, raise up your stove or campfire. This provides an easier working space for wheelchair users to add wood and cook on the fire. At some campsites, there are designated campfire grates for this.
   • Think about ways to organise gear to prevent you from going back and forth between the fire, your tent and your bags. Consider keeping all food and cooking equipment in a calico bag that can be hung from the back of your chair or stored underneath.

Look after yourself and your gear when you get home. If you notice any recurring pain or injuries from the trip, don’t leave it to chance, get a medical professional’s opinion.

For your equipment, do a check when you get home, remove mud, sand, oil the parts, do any repairs. Get it serviced regularly.